Auditory perception of relative distance of traffic sounds

This study examines the accuracy of judgements of relative distance of traffic sounds (car and lorry) compared with nonattributed sounds (white noise). Adults judged whether sounds were comparatively nearer or further away in both conditions when decibel levels were the same and when decibel levels differed. Results indicated that judgement of relative distance is generally difficult and that such judgements are not based on loudness alone, particularly for traffic sounds. More errors were made when decibel levels were the same, indicating a reluctance to rely on loudness as an indicator of distance. Also more errors were made for traffic sounds. It was suggested that nonauditory criteria may be used in interpreting sounds, possibly including past experience and visual imagery. Finally, the implications of the results for road safety are discussed.