内隐和外显记忆测验的信度比较研究及思考

任务分离的实验范式以功能分离和随机独立性等证据说明不同记忆任务的底层系统或加工机制。近期研究发现,两种记忆测量重测信度、复本信度和分半信度差异显著,内隐测验的信度更低一些,因而对变量效果缺乏足够的敏感性。两种测验信度差异对任务分离提出了区别于系统说或加工观点的另外解释。以后在研究外显和内隐记忆分离的时候应该慎重考虑测验信度的检验问题,还应通过各种方法来提高内隐记忆测验的信度,使两种记忆测验的信度具有可比性。

RELIABILITY COMPARISONS BETWEEN IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY MEASURES

The evidences of functional dissociation and stochastic independence confirmed task dissociation between implicit and explicit measures. The dissociations have been assumed to indicate that the memory process or memory systems underlying performance in explicit tests differ from those underlying performance in implicit memory tests. However, recent studies showed that reliabilities of implicit measures were significantly lower than that of explicit measures. As a consequence, if simple functional dissociations are to be used in future research, more attention needs to be paid to the statistical power of the relevant group comparisons and to the psychometric qualities of the memory measurement instruments.