Women as managers: Toward second generation research

A review of women in management research indicates that most studies are concerned with theoretical issues and their implications. This article asserts that the current position of women in management is unstable and might be greatly assisted by an increase in action-oriented research. Such second generation studies can build on the theoretical work, but focus most importantly on the needs of present and potential women managers, investigating the means by which their success may be brought about. Specific research suggestions are offered concerning investigation of the relative task effectiveness of women and men, the career strategies most useful for women managers, the validation of specialized training programs for women, and the institutional qualities most favorable to women.