成就动机的多重目标理论

基于成就目标的三分法,Harackiewicz等人提出多重目标理论。该理论认为,学生在学习过程中采用多种类型的成就目标将会带来最佳的适应性结果,这种观点与单纯强调掌握目标正性作用的传统目标理论相对立。根据多重目标对成就结果的作用模式,理论学家分别提出了四种模型：累加目标模型、交互目标模型、特定目标模型以及选择目标模型。最近的实证研究支持了选择目标模型的观点,并为如何提升个体的成就水平提供了重要的理论依据。

THE MULTIPLE GOAL THEORY OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

Based on the trichotomy of achievement goal, Harackiewicz et al. posited the multiple goal theory, which claimed that students would benefit most from adopting multiple achievement goals in the process of study. This theory is quite different from the mastery goal theory, which believes that only mastery goal can facilitate the achievement outcomes. According to the different patterns of effects exerted upon achievement outcomes by multiple goals, four models were proposed: additive goal pattern, interactive goal pattern, specialized goal pattern and selective goal pattern. Recent studies supported the selective goal pattern and offered theoretical basis for improving individual's achievement.