Random without replacement is not random: Caveat emptor |
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Authors: | Chris Blais |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Psychology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA;(2) Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA;(3) Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA |
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Abstract: | The vast majority of psychology labs rely on prepackaged software applications (e.g., E-Prime) for the programming of experiments. These programs are often used for stimulus selection, and many use a selection method referred to as random without replacement. We demonstrate how random without replacement deviates from random selection, and we detail selection biases that result. We also demonstrate, in a simple experiment, how these selection biases, if left unchecked, can influence behavior. Recommendations for reducing the impact of these biases on performance when random without replacement is used are discussed. |
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