工作记忆中央执行对儿童算术认知策略的影响

运用“双重任务”范式,以113名小学二年级儿童为被试,考察了儿童工作记忆的中央执行对算术认知策略表现的影响。结果表明:中央执行对儿童算术认知策略的选择产生了针对性的影响,集中表现在外部策略、支持性策略和猜测放弃策略上。中央执行干扰使策略执行的正确率下降、反应时增加。在简单加法任务上,中央执行影响了外部策略和支持性策略的选择频次;在复杂任务中,这种影响体现在外部策略和放弃策略上。无论是简单任务还是复杂任务,中央执行的干扰都造成了策略整体执行效果的下降。

The Influence of Central Executive of Working Memory on Children's Arithmetical Cognitive Strategies

The influence of central executive of working memory on arithmetic cognitive strategies of 113 children in primary 2 by using dual-task paradigm was explored.The results indicated that central executive affected selectively children's arithmetical cognitive strategy selection.The influenced strategies included external,backup,guessing and quit.Strategy execution was also impaired by central executive disturbing.In simple additional problems,the effect of central executive showed in external and backup strategies.In complex problems,the effect was revealed in external and quit strategies.Whatever the problems were simple or complex,the execution of the strategies was impaired under the condition with a load on central executive.