注意、工作记忆与推理能力发展的关系

该研究以113名7、10、13岁的儿童青少年为被试,考察了注意、工作记忆与推理能力发展的关系。研究结果表明,7～13岁期间,注意与工作记忆在推理能力的发展中起十分重要的作用,然而注意与工作记忆的作用在不同年龄组之间略有差异;在儿童7岁时,注意对推理的影响显著,工作记忆对推理的影响不显著;到儿童10岁时,注意和工作记忆对推理的影响均显著,但工作记忆开始在注意与推理之间起部分中介的作用;13岁时,工作记忆对推理的影响显著,并在注意与推理之间起完全中介的作用。

Relationships among Attention, Working memory, and Reasoning in Children

The present study investigated the relationships among attention,working memory,and reasoning in children of 7,10,and 13 years old.The results are summarized as follows:both attention and working memory are adequately required for the development of reasoning,but the two abilities have differentiating effects on reasoning in different age groups.Specifically,attention plays a better part than working memory in reasoning in 7-year-old children;both attention and working memory have significant effects on reasoning in 10-year-old children, and working memory behaves as a partial mediator between attention and reasoning;in 13-year-old children, working memory plays a larger role in reasoning,and working memory serves as a full mediator between attention and reasoning.The results suggested that,as children grow older,the role of attention in reasoning development is decreasing,while the role of working memory is increasing.