3～5岁儿童概念比较过程研究

本研究以两个实验探讨了儿童的一个认知过程:人优先考虑共同性,其次才是组合差异性与非组合差异性。3~5岁三个年龄组儿童分别对日常生活的基本概念进行类似性判断与差异性判断。实验1的结果表明,3岁年龄组的儿童还没有表现出组合差异性,4岁年龄组的儿童初步表现出明显的组合差异性,5岁年龄组的儿童表现出明显的组合差异性。他们首先考虑共同性,其次才是组合差异性与非组合差异性。实验2的结果表明,5岁儿童比4岁儿童更多地表现了组合差异性的判断能力。最后以结构组合的观点讨论了这些结果。

The Processes of Conceptual Comparison in Children Aged 3-5

This research investigated the development of both commonality and alignable difference.Children aged 3-5 responded to either similar or dissimilar word pairs.Then they were asked to determine if commonality,alignable difference or nonalignable difference was available.The results in Experiment 1 showed that children aged 3 did not show any sign of alignable difference.Children aged 4-5 have a basic ability to distinguish between commonalities and differences.Further research in Experiment 2 provided another evidence that children aged 5 showed more significant alignable difference than children aged 4,who just compared parts of word pairs correctly.Commonality has a priority over alignable difference in the process of similarity comparisons.Finally,the results were discussed within the fromework of structural aligmment.