以孔子的学习原则透视现代西方记忆理论的局限--古代中国的思想体系与当代西方的心理科学

孔子既强调感知对于学习的作用，也重视思维对于学习的价值，并极力主张学习过程中感知与思维的辩证统一。然而，艾特金森一习福林(1968)记忆模型只强调感知对于学习过程的重要作用，根本忽略了思维在学习过程中的决定作用；加工水平说则刚好相反，它们只强调思维对于学习过程的作用，完全忽略了感知对于学习过程的不可替代性。

The Limitations of the Two Theories of Memory Of the Modern Western Psychologists On the Perspective of Learning Principles of Confucius

Confucius put emphasis on the role of perceptions in learning as well as the value of thinking in learning, and maintained the dialectical integration of perceptions with thinking in the process of learning. Nonetheless, The memory model developed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) stresses only the role of perceptions in learning, and neglected completely the value of thinking in learning; the levels-of-processing approach of memory is just opposite, it emphasizes only the role of thinking in learning, and neglected completely the value of perceptions in learning.