False physiological feedback and emotion: Experimenter demand and salience effects |
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Authors: | Robert C. Beck Charles Gibson Wendy Elliott Carolyn Simmons Nadine Matteson Lisa McDaniel |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, P.O. Box 7778, 27109 Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
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Abstract: | Four experiments examined the hypothesis that the Valins (1966) false physiological feedback effect with attractiveness ratings of slides is due to experimenter demand. Experiments 1 and 2 showed significant feedback effects with 5-sec feedback periods, previously reported by Barefoot and Straub (1971) to be too brief a time to search the slides for a cause of the apparent physiological arousal. Experiments 3 and 4 had 17 variations of instructions (emotional, nonemotional), stimuli (slides of people, scenic tourist slides), and type of feedback information (heart rate, eyeblink, or none). The typical false feedback effect was found under many conditions that did not seem to meet the presumptive attributional requirements for the effect. In Experiment 4, only subjects who said they were supposed to rate feedback slides higher showed the effect, regardless of instructions, stimuli, or type of feedback. The overall results are interpreted in terms of experimenter demand and stimulus salience effects. |
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