To Be Young,Gifted, and Strategic: Advantages for Memory Performance |
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| Institution: | 1. University of North Carolina at Charlotte;2. Florida Atlantic University;3. Talent Identification Program, Duke University;1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;3. Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, 237 Barton St East, L8L 2X2, Hamilton, ON, Canada;5. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada;6. Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, H1T 1C8, Montreal, QC, Canada;7. Department of Molecular Genetics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue Suite 510, M5G 0A3, Toronto, ON, Canada;8. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, 3175 Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montreal, QC, Canada;9. Research Centre, CHU Sainte Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montreal, QC, Canada;10. School of Population and Public Health, Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, 675 W 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada;11. Atlantic PATH, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, 1494 Carlton Street, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada;12. Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, G1V 4G5, Quebec, Canada;13. Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada;14. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, T2N 4N1, Calgary, AB, Canada;15. Cardiology Department, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Centre, Santa Maria Feira, Portugal;16. Department of Health Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada;17. Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Suite 1500 Sun Life Place, 10123 99th Street NW, T5J 3H1, Edmonton, AB, Canada;18. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada;19. Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;20. Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, H4A 3J1, Montreal, QC, Canada;1. Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;1. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;2. Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;2. The MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;3. The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
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| Abstract: | Gifted and nongifted children's use of an organizational strategy was contrasted on multitrial free-recall tasks, using different sets of items on each trial. In an initial experiment, gifted children initially had higher levels of recall and strategic functioning than nongifted children, but this advantage was lost on later trials. While overall there was an advantage to memory of being strategic, this advantage was statistically significant for the gifted children only at trial 1, whereas it was significant for the nongifted children on trials 2 through 5. A sort-recall procedure was used in Experiment 2, with results indicating that gifted children benefited more than nongifted children when strategy use was simplified, while the results of Experiment 3, which used nonsense words as stimuli, demonstrated that gifted children demonstrated greater use of active strategies than nongifted children. The results of these experiments were interpreted as evidence that at least a portion of gifted children's advantage on free recall tasks lies in nonstrategic processes. |
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