Disbelief,lies, and manipulations in a transactional discourse model |
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Authors: | Olga T Yokoyama |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, Harvard University, 02138 Cambridge, Masachusetts, USA |
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Abstract: | Disbelief, lies, and manipulations have been objects of scholarly consideration from widely different perspectives: historical, sociological, philosophical, ethical, logical, and pragmatic. In this paper, these notions are re-examined in the framework of a Transactional Discourse Model which operates in terms of the location and relocation of various knowledge items within two sets of knowledge, A and B, representing two interlocators A and B, and two of their subsets Ca and Cb, which constitute the sets of the matters of A's and B's current concern. This approach reveals certain formal features shared by lies, disbelief, and manipulations that indicate that these three types of discourse behavior constitute a deviation from successful interpersonal communication as defined in the proposed model. The model, moreover, enables us to explicitly capture both the similarities and the differences of lies and manipulations with other pragmatic phenomena, such as jokes, impersonating, role-acting, memory failure, politeness expressions, and tact; the comparison suggests that certain modifications of Gricean conversational maxims may be in order. |
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Keywords: | assessment associated knowledge believing/belief/disbelief contradictory knowledge current concern discourse situation forgetting knowledge set knowledge transaction lie/lying manipulation/manipulative politeness tact |
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