Individual differences in nostalgia proneness: The integrating role of the need to belong |
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Authors: | Johannes Seehusen Filippo Cordaro Tim Wildschut Constantine Sedikides Clay Routledge Ginette C. Blackhart Kai Epstude Ad J.J.M. Vingerhoets |
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Affiliation: | 1. University of Groningen, The Netherlands;2. University of Cologne, Germany;3. University of Southampton, UK;4. North Dakota State University, USA;5. East Tennessee State University, USA;6. Tilburg University, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Who is the nostalgia-prone person? The ‘sociality view’ sees an individual who frequently recalls meaningful memories rich in social content. The ‘maladaptation view’ sees an emotionally unstable, neurotic individual. In four studies, we integrated these contrasting views. We hypothesized that the link between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness arises because (a) neuroticism is associated with the need to belong and (b) the need to belong triggers nostalgia, with its abundant social content. Consistent with this hypothesis, Studies 1–2 found that the correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness was eliminated when controlling for the need to belong. The need to belong predicted increased nostalgia proneness, above and beyond neuroticism. Specifically, Study 2 revealed that a deficit-reduction (rather than growth) belongingness orientation predicted increased nostalgia proneness. When the role of this deficit-reduction belongingness orientation was controlled, the positive correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia disappeared. Studies 3–4 showed that experimental inductions of a belongingness deficit augmented nostalgia, providing support for its compensatory role. |
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Keywords: | Nostalgia proneness Neuroticism Need to belong Belongingness deficit Social connectedness |
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