Exploring the association between the 2-repeat allele of the MAOA gene promoter polymorphism and psychopathic personality traits,arrests, incarceration,and lifetime antisocial behavior |
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Authors: | Kevin M. Beaver John Paul Wright Brian B. Boutwell J.C. Barnes Matt DeLisi Michael G. Vaughn |
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Affiliation: | 1. College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1127, USA;2. School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0389, USA;3. College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2296, USA;4. School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;5. Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1070, USA;6. School of Social Work, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA |
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Abstract: | A line of research has revealed that a polymorphism in the promoter region of the MAOA gene is related to antisocial phenotypes. Most of these studies examine the effects of low MAOA activity alleles (2-repeat and 3-repeat alleles) against the effects of high MAOA activity alleles (3.5-repeat, 4-repeat, and sometimes 5-repeat alleles), with research indicating that the low MAOA activity alleles confer an increased risk to antisocial phenotypes. The current study examined whether the 2-repeat allele, which has been shown to be functionally different from the 3-repeat allele, was associated with a range of antisocial phenotypes in a sample of males drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Analyses revealed that African-American males who carried the 2-repeat allele were, in comparison with other African-American male genotypes, significantly more likely to be arrested and incarcerated. Additional analyses revealed that African-American male carriers of the 2-repeat allele scored significantly higher on an antisocial phenotype index and on measures assessing involvement in violent behaviors over the life course. There was not any association between the 2-repeat allele and a continuously measured psychopathic personality traits scale. The effects of the 2-repeat allele could not be examined in Caucasian males because only 0.1% carried it. |
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Keywords: | Arrests Incarceration MAOA Psychopathic personality traits |
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