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Family factors and adolescent substance use: models and mechanisms
Authors:Thomas Ashby Wills   Alison M. Yaeger
Affiliation:Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (T.A.W.), and Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center, Santa Rosa, California (A.M.Y.)
Abstract:This article considers the relation of family factors to adolescent substance use, with a focus on the specific pathways by which family factors have their effects. We review findings on four types of variables (family substance use, parental support and monitoring, parent-child conflict, and family life events) and discuss theoretical models of how family risk and protective factors are related to adolescents' outcomes. The evidence favors a transactional model in which family factors have largely mediated effects on adolescent substance use through relations to adolescents' self-control, life events, and peer affiliations; interactions between variables are also prominent. We discuss the implications of mediated effects for theoretical models of human development and consider how the transactional approach opens avenues for preventive intervention.
Keywords:family factors    substance use    adolescents    self-control    mediation
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