肾移植受者 BK 病毒感染的诊治进展

BK病毒（BK V ）是人类多瘤病毒的一个亚群，有很高的隐性感染率，研究显示全球超过80％的人口BK V血清学阳性。随着移植后强效免疫抑制剂的使用，BK V感染正成为移植肾失活的重要原因。据统计，约1％～10％的肾移植受者在免疫抑制状态下，可因BKV激活而引起BKV肾病（BKVN），而BKVN可引起约45％的远期移植肾失活。由于目前缺乏明确有效的抗病毒药物，早期监测病毒载量、减少免疫抑制剂对控制BKVN、保留移植肾功能至关重要。本文就肾移植相关的BKV感染概况及BKVN的诊断、治疗进展进行综述。

Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of BK Virus Infection in Renal Transplantation

BK virus （BKV） is a member of the polyomavirus family with high latent infection rates .Population-based BKV seroprevalence studies indicate over 80% of people are exposed .With the use of potent immunosuppressive agents in recent years ,BK virus infection is becoming an important cause of renal transplantation failure .It is estimated that about 1% ~10% of BKV reactivation may cause BK virus nephropathy （BKVN） in renal transplant patients ,which may cause the loss of the transplanted organ in about 45% of the cases .As there is no effective antiviral agent so far ,routine screening for BKV has been shown to be effective in preventing allograft loss and reduction of immunosuppression remains the mainstay of BKVN treatment .In this review ,we will discuss the pathogenesis of BKV infection ,screening and therapy strategies and future research directions .