An ecological framework for understanding risk for exposure to community violence and the effects of exposure on children and adolescents |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;2. Department of Surgery, Memorial University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia;1. Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;2. Division of Analysis, Research, and Practice Integration, National Center for Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;1. O''Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Purdue University – Indianapolis, 801 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, United States of America;2. Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, United States of America;3. Department of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, United States of America;4. Children''s Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, United States of America;1. Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York;3. Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan |
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| Abstract: | This review covers the past decade's research on the risk for exposure to community violence and the effects of exposure on children's and adolescents' functioning. The studies are incorporated into a developmental-ecological framework that takes into account five domains of context—community and neighborhood, family and household, relationships with parents and caregivers, relationships with peers, and personal characteristics—for the purpose of identifying the risks for exposure and its effects on outcome and for suggesting the processes involved. Evidence from the literature is consistent with our proposed ecological model showing that variables in each of the five domains have both direct and indirect effects on risk for exposure and on its effects on internalizing and externalizing problems and academic functioning. Implications of adopting an ecological model for future risk research and for prevention and intervention are considered. |
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