运动员退役过程的心理定性分析：成功与失败的个案研究

研究采用定性分析的方法，旨在探索我国运动员退役过程中为什么有的运动员能够顺利退役，重新开创新事业，而有的运动员却不能。研究以Torregrosa等的理论模式为设计思路，采用综合个案研究设计，选取4个成功和4个失败个案，通过访谈、文献和语言分析技术，对8个运动员退役过程中的意识和行为进行剖析。结果发现运动员在退役过程中，主要在心理状态、退役意识、退役计划、自我调节、社会支持和生活满意度6个方面，反映出成功退役的运动员与失败退役的运动员之间的不同特征。成功退役的运动员通常有一个良好的退役意识。主动计划选择退役后的事业发展；退役失败的运动员则表现为对退役问题消极回避的应对行为。文章就这些发现进行了讨论，并建议了进一步定量研究的方向

A Qualitative Psychological Analysis of the Retirement Process of Athletes: Successful and Unsuccessful Case Studies

With the revamping of the reemployment scheme for retired athletes—where they select a new career by self-determination—gradually replacing the government decision, there has been concern that retired athletes might have less job opportunities. Relevant research pertaining to these issues in China often focuses on the external causes of unemployment among retired athletes but not on the internal causes. In particular, there is a lack of field research on this topic in China. Therefore, by using a qualitative approach, this study aims to explore why some Chinese athletes are able to restart new careers and others are unable to do so, while they are in the process of retirement. On the basis of the model proposed by Torregrosa et al., this study employed the multiple-case design to select cases of successful and failed retirement. Data was collected through interviews, personal observations, and media reports. With discourse and text analyses, this case study investigated retirement awareness and coping behaviors in eight cases (four cases of successful and failed retirement, each). The results revealed differences in the psychological states, retirement awareness, retirement plans, self-regulation, social support, and life contentment between the successful retirement cases and the failed ones. Specifically, successfully retired athletes were often aware that they were going to retire and had made plans to start new careers; athletes who failed to start new careers after retirement often used avoidance coping mechanisms. This article discusses the implications of these findings and provides suggestions for future research using quantitative research