The push and pull of temptation: the bidirectional influence of temptation on self-control |
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Authors: | Nordgren Loran F Chou Eileen Y |
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Institution: | Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. L-nordgren@kellogg.northwestern.edu |
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Abstract: | This article examines how people respond to the emergence of temptation in their environment. Three studies demonstrated that how people respond to temptation depends critically on their visceral state--whether or not they are actively experiencing visceral drives such as hunger, drug craving, or sexual arousal. We found that when people were in a "cold," nonvisceral state, the presence of temptation prompted cognition to support self-control. However, when people were in a "hot," visceral state, temptation prompted the same cognitive processes to support impulsive behavior. Study 1 examined how heterosexual men's level of sexual arousal influences their attention to attractive women. Study 2 examined whether satiated and craving smokers would engage in motivated reasoning in order to dampen (or enhance) the appeal of smoking when confronted with the temptation to smoke. Study 3 tested the boundaries of the interaction between visceral state and temptation. |
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