Perceptions of unfairness in allocations between multiple recipients |
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Authors: | Eriksson Kimmo Simpson Brent |
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Affiliation: | aSchool of Education, Culture and Communication, Mälardalen University, Box 883, 72123 Västerås, Sweden;bCentre for the Study of Cultural Evolution, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;cDepartment of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208 |
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Abstract: | This paper introduces a new model to explain perceptions of unfairness in resource allocations between multiple recipients. The model yields several novel predictions, all confirmed in a series of new empirical tests. For instance, while much prior research focuses on the differences between the judge’s share and others’ shares, we argue that people also care about differences between others’ shares. In particular, the presence of a single loser increases perceptions of unfairness. We also study individual variation in sensitivity to the single-loser dimension. Most centrally, we offer empirical support for the existence – indeed the prevalence – of ostraphobics, individuals with an acute sensitivity to being “ostracized” as a sole loser. We show that ostraphobics perceive unfairness more strongly than other types, are higher in need to belong and fear of negative evaluation, and are more prone to a heretofore unrecognized type of preference reversal with respect to fairness. |
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Keywords: | Perception Unfairness Distributive justice Need to belong |
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