Religion and action control: Faith-specific modulation of the Simon effect but not Stop-Signal performance |
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| Authors: | Hommel Bernhard Colzato Lorenza S Scorolli Claudia Borghi Anna M van den Wildenberg Wery P M |
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| Institution: | aLeiden University, Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands;bBologna University, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Bologna, Italy;cInstitute of Science and Technology of Cognition, Rome, Italy;dUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Center for the Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behaviour (Acacia), Psychology Department, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Previous findings suggest that religion has a specific impact on attentional processes. Here we show that religion also affects action control. Experiment 1 compared Dutch Calvinists and Dutch atheists, matched for age, sex, intelligence, education, and cultural and socio-economic background, and Experiment 2 compared Italian Catholics with matched Italian seculars. As expected, Calvinists showed a smaller and Catholics a larger Simon effect than nonbelievers, while performance of the groups was comparable in the Stop-Signal task. This pattern suggests that religions emphasizing individualism or collectivism affects action control in specific ways, presumably by inducing chronic biases towards a more “exclusive” or “inclusive” style of decision-making. Interestingly, there was no evidence that religious practice affects inhibitory skills. |
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| Keywords: | Religion Attention Simon effect Stop-Signal task Catholicism Calvinism |
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