初中学生问题解决能力发展的跨文化研究

本研究采用多因素实验设计。实验中的问题是初三教学涉及的电阻定律，要求学生自己动牧比较抽象概括来解决问题。通过方差分析考察诸多因素对问题解决水平的影响。结果表明：初中学生解决问题能力的水平有多个层次，目前约有６５％的初中生面对较复杂问题无法进行较好的抽象概括，但有针对怀的启发对问题解决有明显遥促进作用；学生的年龄、智力、学绩、教学方式和社会文化环境影响着问题解决的水平。

A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' DEVELOPMENT OF ABILITIES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS

A multi -factor experimental design was adopt-ed. The problem to be experimented was the Law ofResistance which appeared in the third grade textbookof junior high schooI. By means of the analysis of vari-ance, the tester examined factors which might affectthe testees' problem -solving levels. The result of theexperiment shows that junior high school students'probLem - solving abilities are multi - tiered. Up tonow, about 65% of junior high students can't solvecomplicated problems by means of abstraction or gen-eralization. But the study reveals that oriented teach-ing and heuristic method can obviously improvestudents' problem -solving abilities. Their problem-solving levels are influenced by their age, intelligence,academic achievements, educational conditions, andsocial and cultural environment.