短期目标和长期目标设置对投篮成绩,努力程度和状态焦虑的影响

这篇论文调查了短期目标和长期目标对投篮成绩、努力程度和状态焦虑的影响．８７名被试被随机分配到以下一个组中：（１）短期目标组，（２）长期目标组，（３）短期和长期目标结合组，（４）“尽力做好”组。实验时间为７周。研究结果显示：（１）结合目标组、短期目标组和长期目标组的投篮成绩显著优于“尽力做好”组；（２）结合目标组的投篮成绩提高幅度最大，其次是短期目标组和长期目标组，最后是“尽力做好”组，（３）结合目标组、短期目标组和长期目标组的投篮成绩随练习次数的增加而显著提高，（４）努力程度是结合目标组和短期目标组投篮成绩提高的调节变量。

THE EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM ANDLONG - TERM GOALS SETTING ONSHOOTINGACCURACY, EFFORT LEVELAND STATE ANXIETY

This paper investigated the effects of short term and long- term goals setting on shooting accuracy, effort level and state anxiety. 87 subjects wererandomly assigned to one of the four groups: (1 )short - term goals, (2)long - term goals. (3)short term plus long-term combination goals,and (4)do your - best goals. The experiment period was 7weeks. The results indicated: 1 ) the combination goal,short -term goal and long-term goal groups were superior to the do- your- best goal group in shootingaccuracy; 2) the combination goal group had the bestshooting accuracy, followed by the short - term goalgroup, long - term goal group, and do - your - bestgoal group ; 3) as trials progressed, the shooting accruacy improved significantly; 4) the effort level was amediating variable of the shooting accuracy for thecombination goal group and the short - term goalgroup.