Ethnicity and the theory of planned behavior in an exercise context: A mediation and moderation perspective |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Centre for Clinical Research, Room 205, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 1V7;2. Health and Physical Education, School of Education, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA 30314, USA;3. School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0356, USA;4. Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, HPER 116, 1025 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;5. Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Kinesiology Program, School of Physical Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P1;6. University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education, E-488 Van Vliet Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H9;7. Department of Behavioral Sciences & Community Health, School of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;8. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;2. Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana;1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York;2. Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children''s Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;1. Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Academic Educational Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesMost college students fail to meet recommended exercise levels and ethnic disparities in participation are apparent. The present study examined the moderating and mediating relationships among ethnicity, the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and exercise, and identified common and ethnic-specific beliefs related to exercise.MethodCollege students completed a baseline TPB questionnaire and an exercise assessment at either two-week (n=237 blacks; n=176 whites) or two-month (n=280 blacks; n=273 whites) follow-ups.DesignOne week and two month longitudinal designs.ResultsStructural equation modeling showed that the TPB was invariant by ethnicity in both samples with affective attitudes and perceived behavioral control being significant predictors of intention, which in turn, significantly predicted exercise. Furthermore, analyses showed that the TPB had a small mediating effect on the ethnicity/exercise relationship in both samples. Finally, common and ethnic-specific beliefs were identified that varied by sample.ConclusionThe TPB is a useful framework to explain exercise behavior in black and white students; however, its ability to explain the ethnic disparity in exercise may be limited. |
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