关于问题难度的实验研究

利用一种新型的人工问题，探讨了一些影响问题难度的因素。结果表明：未知参数越多，问题难度越大；中间未知参数不予提示时问题难度显著提高；参数排列方式越乱，问题难度越大；供选择的操作数越多，问题难度越大；供选择的操作的相似性越强，问题难度就越大；对过去题目中某些特征的意识水平越高，经验就越容易迁移，从而影响难度。

RESEARCH ON PROBLEM DIFFICULTY

This paper examines some sources of problem difficulty with the tool of a new type of artificial problems. The sources are: 1 ) the number of known variables: it has no effects on problem difficulty. 2)the number of unknown vatiables: problem difficulty will increase when it increases. 3 ) whether prompting the name(s) are not prompted. 4 )the arrangement of variables:problem difficulty will increase if variables are arranged in disorder. 5) the number of operations (processes) to choose: problem difficulty will increase when it increases. 6)the similarity of the operations to choose: problem difficulty will increase whin operations are similar. 7) the style of presentation of the former problems: it can change the likelihood that the attributes of problems enter man' s sphere of consciousness ; problem difficulty will increase when the attributes of the former problems are unlikely to enter man's sphere of consciousness.