身体表达性及其格式塔——从现象学的观点看

主流的社会认知理论对他人身体持有一种观察性立场,并认为他人身体之于他人心灵乃是某种无意义的、因而是待解释的物理现象。本文认为这是一种过于简化的、并且是植根于对象化立场的解释;与之相对,我们需要对他人身体行为的被给予性模式作更精确的刻画。为此,本文重构了胡塞尔关于他人身体与心灵作为"表达之统一体"的格式塔理论,并进一步分析了梅洛-庞蒂有关身体表达的四个操作性概念,从而揭示出身体表达的生发性特征。

Bodily Expressivity and Its Gestalt: From a Phenomenological Point of View

Mainstream social cognition theories hold an observational position towards the other’s body and they maintain that the other’s body is a meaningless,physical phenomenon that remains to be explained in terms of the other’ mental states. In this paper,I argue that this view is rooted in a simplified and objectivist account of the other’s body and I propose a more fine-grained characterization of the mode of givenness of the other’s body. Hence,I reconstruct Husserl’s theory of bodily gestalt in his Ideas II and I argue that the other’s body is primarily given in a comprehensive unity of expressivity. And I further analyze Merleau-Ponty’s fourfold operative concepts that he uses to describe bodily expressivity and I argue that bodily expressivity can be better characterized by a metastable structure.