俭：心理学的研究视角

俭是一种关于生活方式的信念, 它促使个体为实现长远的目标, 主动地约束自己的欲望, 限制自己的获取, 有节制地使用资源。俭的内涵丰富, 可从目标和手段两方面分析, 其下又可细分为生存性目标和生存性手段, 发展性目标和发展性手段。对俭的形成有多种解说; 适应说、驱动说和特质说分别从外在约束、内部需求和个体特质三个不同的方面进行过解释。俭是个体因素和环境因素共同作用的结果, 同时又对个体的知、情、意、行具有引导作用。未来研究可对培养个体和社会层面俭的意识和行为的条件和可能的方式进行理论探讨, 也可对不同类型的俭可能对应的心理、行为或者脑机制进行实证研究。

Frugality: A Perspective of Psychology

Frugality is a belief about the lifestyle, which makes individuals control spontaneous desires and behaviors voluntarily, acquire goods and services in a restrained manner, and use economic goods and services resourcefully, to achieve some long-term goal. Frugality is rich in connotation; it can be analyzed from the means-ends perspective, and further subdivided as maintenance means and goals, developmental means and goals. Social-adapting theory, driving theory and traits theory give their own explanations for the formation and developing of frugality, focusing in external resource constraint, internal needs and individual characteristics respectively. Frugality is determined by the combined effects of demographic variables, personality traits, motivations and environmental factors, and influences people’s cognition, feeling, will and behavior broadly. Future research could explore theories about conditions and possible ways to cultivate frugality in both individual and social levels, and make empirical studies on the psychological, behavioral and cognitive neural mechanisms corresponding to different types of frugality.