默认网络的神经机制、功能假设及临床应用

认知神经科学的迅速发展使得研究者对大脑的功能有了深刻的认识。近些年来, 研究者对大脑在进行外在注意任务时产生的负激活有了更多的了解, 默认网络(Default Mode Network)的概念被提出, 并引起了很多神经科学家的关注, 关于默认网络的相关理论也已提出。当前综述对默认网络的研究历史, 概念理论, 个体和种系发展, 及其与疾病的关系以及临床应用等方面进行了概括总结。未来研究可从默认网络的个体发展, 种系差异, 与其他大脑网络(如注意网络, 视觉网络, 执行控制网络)的关系以及与具体疾病的关系等角度入手进行研究, 共同来探讨默认网络的神经机制。

The Brain Mechanisms and Functional Hypothesis of Default Mode Network and Its Clinical Application

Rapid development of cognitive neuroscience makes scientists have a deep understanding about human brain function. In recent years, the deactivation phenomenon in some brain areas was commonly observed when participants were required to execute external demanding tasks, and hence the concept of “Default Mode Network (DMN)” was put forward, and has attracted more and more attention from cognitive neuroscientists. Current review mainly focused on the history of DMN research, the relevant concepts and theories, ontogenetic and phylogenetic development, the diseases associated with and its clinical application. It suggests that future studies comprehensively investigate DMN from development trajectory, individual and species differences, the relationships with other brain networks (e.g., attention network, visual network, executive control network), and its associations with diseases.