反馈对知觉类别学习的影响及其认知神经生理机制

知觉类别学习是一种人类对知觉刺激进行分类、习得类别的过程, 反馈是进行知觉类别学习不可或缺的重要部分。研究者通过操纵反馈的不同特征, 如反馈延迟(即时、延迟)、反馈性质(积极、消极)、反馈类型(丰富、简单)等, 对反馈如何影响知觉类别学习进行了广泛的研究, 并试图从神经生理学方面给出合理的解释。但是目前反馈对知觉类别学习影响的研究还存在许多不足, 特别在反馈延迟时间的细化、延迟反馈时间临界点、无关因素掩蔽、反馈试次等影响方面的研究较少涉及, 现有的反馈机制尚需进一步研究。

The Influences of Feedback on Perceptual Category Learning and Its’ Cognitive and Neurophysiological Mechanisms

Perceptual category learning is a process in which human beings classify perceptual stimulations and acquire categories. Feedback is an indispensable part of perceptual category learning. Investigators conducted extensive researches by manipulating different characteristics of the feedback, such as feedback delay (immediate vs. delay), feedback nature (positive vs. negative), feedback type (rich vs. simple), on how feedback affects perceptual category learning, trying to give a reasonable explanation from the physiological or neural perspective. However, there are still many shortcomings on the researches about the influences of feedback on perceptual category. Specifically, few researches focus on the influence in terms of time refinement of the feedback delay, unrelated factors of masking, feedback trial. In addition, there are considerable different opinions on the feedback mechanism. More studies should concern the cognitive feedback mechanism in the future.