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The effects of a motivational general-arousal imagery intervention upon preperformance symptoms in male rugby union players
Authors:Stephen D. Mellalieu  Sheldon Hanton  Owen Thomas
Affiliation:1. Department of Sports Science, Swansea University, United Kingdom;2. Cardiff School of Sport, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff (UWIC), United Kingdom;1. The English Institute of Sport, United Kingdom;2. Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom;3. The Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom;1. Charles University, Czech Republic;2. Sport Programme, School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University, 42 Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HN, UK;3. West Virginia University, USA;1. The University of Queensland, Schools of Human Movement Studies and Psychology, St Lucia, Australia;2. MiND HQ, United Kingdom;3. The Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia
Abstract:ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of a motivational general-arousal based imagery strategy in modifying precompetitive symptom interpretations.MethodA staggered multiple baseline single-subject design was employed with five male collegiate rugby union players (M = 24.5; SD = 3.05). The dependent variable was monitored over a full competitive season via measures of precompetitive anxiety and affect together with follow-up social validation procedures.ResultsMore facilitative interpretations of symptoms associated with competitive anxiety, and greater self-confidence levels were reported postintervention, together with changes in positive and negative affect.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of employing individualized imagery with motivational general-arousal content to modify performers' perceptions of their precompetitive experiences. This effect is proposed to occur directly through adaptive changes in individuals' psychological response systems and indirectly via the protection mechanisms associated with enhanced efficacy expectations.
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