Visual attention in adolescents: Facilitating effects of sport expertise and acute physical exercise |
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| Authors: | Lucio Cereatti Rita Casella Manuela Manganelli Caterina Pesce |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;2. Faculty of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University Tennoji Campus, 4-88 Minami Kawahoricho, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0054, Japan;3. Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health & Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;1. Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, School of Applied Sciences, Center for Health Behavior Research, The University of Mississippi, University;2. Department of Respiratory Therapy, Donna and Allan Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY;1. Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Hochschulzentrum vonRoll, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;2. Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;3. Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Hochschulzentrum vonRoll, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;1. Sogn og Fjordane University College, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Box 133, N6851 Sogndal, Norway;2. Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway;3. Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Department of Coaching and Psychology, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThis study investigated visual attention of adolescent orienteers and physically active adolescents non-practising orienteering both at rest and under acute sub-maximal exercise. It was verified whether the practice of orienteering facilitates the development of visual attentional abilities and whether orienteers, who are used to simultaneously handle physiological and cognitive-attentional loads, may better profit than non-orienteers from the beneficial effects of sub-maximal physical load on processing speed.MethodsBoth the focusing of attention at foveal and parafoveal locations and the orienting of attention at peripheral locations were investigated. In two discriminative reaction time (RT) experiments, a cue of varying size was presented centrally or peripherally and followed by a compound stimulus with local and global target features. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) varied between a short and a long interval.ResultsIn both experiments, adolescent orienteers and non-practisers showed different patterns of attentional effects. Adolescent orienteers were more similar to young adults in the attentional performance, being better able than non-practisers to perform complex attentional operations involving the intentional zooming of attention in the central visual field and the orienting of the attentional focus in the peripheral visual field. Also, both orienteers and non-orienteers speeded up their performance during exercise, but this facilitation effect was more pronounced for orienteers, who are probably skilled in directing the available resources to task demands.ConclusionsOur results suggest that cognitive expertise represents a key factor in sports that accelerates the development of visual attention and enhances the facilitating effects of physical exercise on attentional performance. |
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