Warnings given to observers can eliminate order effects |
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| Authors: | Iain Greenlees Ben Hall William Filby Richard Thelwell Richard Buscombe Matthew J Smith |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Sport, Education & Social Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, UK;2. Chelsea School, University of Brighton, East Sussex, UK;3. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK;4. Department of Human and Health Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK;1. Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;2. Centre for Vision Research, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Royal Perth Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth 6009, WA, Australia;2. Department of Intensive Care Medicine and School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;1. LG Electronics CTO SWP, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea;3. Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism, University of Southern California, United States;1. Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;2. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;3. Interuniversity Laboratory for Research in Vision and Optometry, Mixed Group UVEG-UMU, Valencia-Murcia, Spain;4. Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State College of Optometry, State University of New York, USA;1. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, USA;2. Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine the impact of warnings on order effects in attributions of ability.MethodQualified soccer coaches (N = 146) rated the ability of two soccer players (a control and target player) each shown, on video, performing a passing task eight times. For the control player, all participants saw the same footage in the same order. For the target player, participants viewed the same footage with half viewing a declining (successful to unsuccessful) performance pattern and half viewing an ascending pattern. Additionally, coaches either received no warning of the danger of order effects, a warning prior to viewing any footage, a warning prior to viewing the target player or a warning prior to rating the target player.ResultsResults indicated that primacy effects were observed in the no warning condition and the warning prior to rating the target. However, when warnings were given prior to observing the target player no order effects were observed.ConclusionThe results indicate that order effects can be eliminated by warning observers of the phenomenon. |
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