A qualitative investigation exploring the motivational climate in early career sports participants: Coach,parent and peer influences on sport motivation |
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| Authors: | Richard J. Keegan Chris G. Harwood Christopher M. Spray David E. Lavallee |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sport, Coaching and Exercise, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;2. Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK;3. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK;1. School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK;2. School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK;1. Illinois State University, School of Kinesiology and Recreation, USA;2. The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, USA;3. The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, USA;4. Unviersity of South Carolina, College of Social Work, USA;1. School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;2. Centre for Health Initiatives, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;3. Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;1. University of Ottawa, Canada;2. Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada;3. Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada;1. Loughborough University, UK;2. Swansea University, UK |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe objectives of this research were a) to explore the applicability of ‘motivational climate’ research to early career athletes under the age of twelve, b) to re-examine the concept of ‘motivational climate’ in the light of recent scientific developments, and c) to concurrently study the influences of coaches, parents and peers on athletic motivation.Design and MethodUsing a qualitative design, 40 participants (7–11 years of age) from various sports were interviewed in focus groups, using a semi-structured format to investigate the roles played by coaches, parents, and peers in influencing athlete motivation. An inductive content analysis was conducted to determine which behaviours among these social agents influenced key motivational outcomes.FindingsThe analysis indicated that young athletes experience a motivational climate which shows consistencies with existing models of motivation; suggesting this population is worthy of further study. The influences of coaches related most strongly to the manner in which they perform their roles of instruction and assessment, whereas parents' influences were most salient in terms of the way they support the child's participation and learning. Both parents and coaches exerted influences through their leadership styles, affective responses and pre-performance behaviours. Peers influenced participants' motivation through competitive behaviours, collaborative behaviours, evaluative communications and through their social relationships.ConclusionsThis study provides an insight into the motivational climate experienced by young athletes and helps to delineate the different roles of social agents in influencing their motivation at this early stage of development. |
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