仁与天理通而为一视域下的程颢易学

置身由汉唐经学向宋明理学转型过程中的程颢,对易学的天人之学作出了创造性诠释与转化,建构起仁与天理通而为一视域下的崭新易学天人之学,推出了他的理学体系。程颢的易学,首先开示了一个充满盎然生机、生意的有机整体宇宙图景,继之揭示了此一生机、生意之所自来的终极宇宙根基、根据,即天理,并指出天理是一终极的令物生生之理,即是一最高的绝对之善本身,由此天理即仁体。天理与仁通而为一,可名之日天理—仁体。此一天理—仁体令天地万物涵具并彰显出盎然生机、生意,且一体无隔。人禀受它而具备了存在的所以然的终极宇宙根基和充足的价值根据与资源,应据之一则珍视自己生命的内在价值,令其原发性畅然舒展、展现与实现,再则珍视并善待他人他物的内在价值,视天地人物一体无隔的有机宇宙整体中的一切皆为我生命的有机组成部分,期其亦皆能原发性畅然舒展、展现与实现自我,从而成就起一宇宙式大我,达到成为天理—仁体自觉圆融化身的最高的生命境界,即天地境界。为此,尚需作识仁与定性的工夫。

On CHENG Hao's Yi-ology from the vision of the unity of benevolence and heavenly principle

Living in a time when the Confucian Classics studies was turning to the Song-Ming (960-1644) neo-Confucianism. CHENG Hao (1032-1085) creatively interpreted and transformed the Yi-ological heaven-human philosophy and established a new heaven-earth philosophy within which ren (benevolence) and tian li (heavenly principle) are integrated, setting forth his own system of principle. His Yi-ology at first revealed a living organic cosmic panorama and then exposed the ultimate foundation, i. e. the heavenly principle, from which the cosmic organism was produced. He pointed out that the heavenly principle is an ultimate principle making things produce and grow. This is to say, the heavenly principle is the highest absolute goodness per se, hence the heavenly principle is benevolence-itself. In this way, the heavenly principle and benevolence are integrated into one and we may call it heavenly principle-benevolence-itself. This heavenly principle-benevolence-itself forms an inseparable one, which makes the myriad of things conceive and exhibit fullness of vigor. Endowed with this principle, human possess the ultimate cosmic foundation, sufficient basis and resources of value, and therefore human should treasure his/her intrinsic value and resource so as to make it fully unfolded and realized. Moreover, human should treasure others' intrinsic value and resource and regard all in the holistic organic universe as an organic part of my life and expect their value fully unfolded and realized, so as to attain a cosmic one, the highest realm of life within which heavenly principle-benevolence-itself permeates everywhere, i. e. a heaven-earth realm. To attain to this realm, one needs to spend time to perceive benevolence and stabilize his/ her nature.