复杂问题解决：探索人们如何控制复杂动态系统

复杂问题解决研究的目的是探索人们如何处理复杂、动态任务。Dorner作为该领域的先驱,将计算机模拟情境作为研究工具,后来的研究者从不同的角度进行复杂问题解决研究。本文介绍了复杂问题解决研究的发展历史,总结了复杂问题解决情境的特征,包括动态性、复杂性、模糊性以及时间滞后性,进一步比较了复杂问题解决与自然决策和动态决策的差别。在此基础上,从控制系统的个体要求以及系统特征等方面总结了在Dorner的个体差异比较范式下复杂问题解决研究的进展。最后提出复杂问题解决研究的展望。

Complex Problem Solving: Understanding How People Control Complex Dynamic Systems

Complex problem solving(CPS) research is designed to understand how people control complex,dynamic systems.Following the pioneering work of Dorner,more and more researchers apply computer-simulation as an experimental method to study CPS from different perspectives.In this article,the authors review the short history of CPS study in German and update the characteristics of CPS,including dynamics,complexity,opaqueness and time delay.Then a comparison is made between CPS and decision making,including naturalistic decision-making and dynamic decision-making.Furthermore,this article makes an in-depth analysis of the current research on CPS following Dorner's research paradigm,the individual differences approach.Finally,questions that will need to be addressed by future research in CPS are proposed.