脑外伤患者记忆功能的双重特征：损伤与保存

该研究探讨了中─重型闭合性脑外伤患者及对照被试（各１７名）在对单个汉字不同水平的加工后，其外显记忆（自由回忆、再认）和内隐记忆（汉字补笔起动效应）的若干特点。发现：患者组外显记忆受损而内隐记忆正常；两组被试在深层意义加工中的外显记忆均强于在浅层表面加工中的外显记忆，这种语义易化现象以耗费更多的认知努力为代价，其中患者组耗费的尤多，而记忆效率却不及对照组。综上，脑外伤患者记忆功能呈损伤和保存双重性。

DOUBLE QUALITY OF MEMORY OF PATIENTS WITH CLOSED-HEAD INJURY:IMPAIRMENT AND PRESERVATION

The present study explored some characteristics of explict memory(free recall, recognition) and implicit memory( priming effects),of seventeen patients with moderate and severe closed-head injury, under four different levels of processing for single-characters. The results showed that: (1) The patients were impaired in explicit memory but normal in implicit memory. (2) Both groups had a better explicit memory in deep conceptual processing than in the shallow supperficial one; a so-called semantic facilitation occured at the expense of greater effort, the patients used much more effort than the controls did with poorer efficiency. Hence the closed-head injured patients exhibited a double quality of impairment and preservation in memory. Based on this, the authors proposed promising strategies for cognitive rehabilitation training, and provided a further neuro psychological evidence for the theoretical view that human beings possess different memory systems.