旋转任务中3～5岁儿童空间物体位置编码的研究

本实验探讨3~5岁儿童在对空间物体位置进行编码时,能否有效采用心理旋转策略或根据物体"位置关系"来判断物体方位。实验采用3×4混合设计,在旋转条件下研究上述问题。结果表明:(1)在策略方面,儿童对心理旋转的使用要显著优于利用位置关系进行判断;(2)随着年龄增长,心理旋转的能力不断提高,5岁时进步尤其明显;(3)3~5岁儿童均不能自动利用位置关系对物体位置进行编码,但5岁儿童经提示后可采用此策略。

A Study of Young Children's Spatial Location Coding Ability in A Rotation Task

The importance of spatial learning is not dispute to psychologists.Since Piaget indicate this,many developmental psychologists have studied the spatial ability in children,espatially the spatial location coding ability.There are two possible ways to code spatial location :egocentric representation and allocentric representation.In Piaget's opinion,the allocentric representation coding didn't emerge until 8 years old.But many Psychologists after Piaget have different opinions on the emergency and development of these two codings.However, we lived in a real world,much of what we interact with in the world is in motion,So we have the need to know the roles and developments of the two spatial location coding when we face to moving objects.This study investigated how young children use spatial location coding in a moving situation.52 children aged from 3 to 5 participated in this study.We used a rotative set to present the problem and let the children make answers.The results were as follows:(1) Children used egocentric representation better than allocentric representation,this method effect was significant;(2)Children aged 5 did better than 3 and 4-age children in egocentric representation,the age effects were significant;(3)Children aged 5 can use allocentric representation after we show some clues,but the 3 and 4 years old children still failed.