标量计时模型的影响因素及发展

标量计时模型为人类时间知觉的研究提供了理论框架和研究范式, 它采用信息加工的观点, 包含时钟、记忆和决策三个阶段。时间二分任务是在标量计时模型的框架下研究时间知觉和加工的理想范式。它要求被试对时距进行与标量计时模型相对应的多阶段操作, 包含了时间知觉所涉及的各个过程, 能有效测量主观时距和时间敏感性的变化。通过这个范式, 研究者发现, 除了任务参数, 年龄和疾病都会影响人的主观时距和/或时间敏感性。这些时间二分任务的实验结果促进了标量计时模型的发展, 最近提出的两阶段决策模型和差别模型分别以不同的方式对标量计时模型进行了修正, 并解释了参数设置的影响和计时的个体差异。

Development and Influencing Factors of the Scalar Timing Model

The scalar timing model has provided a theoretical framework and research paradigms for human time perception research. The model consists of three stages: clock, memory and decision in the information processing perspective. The temporal bisection task is an ideal paradigm to study the perception and processing of temporal information within the framework of the scalar timing model. The task requires participants to perform a number of time-dependent mental operations corresponding to the model and is perfectly suited to investigate changes in subjective duration and temporal sensitivity. Human research with the bisection task suggests that task parameters, age and disease, can affect subjective duration and/or temporal sensitivity. The results of temporal bisection studies have promoted the development of the scalar timing model. Two models proposed recently-the two-step decision model and the MD model-have modified the scalar timing model in different aspects and respectively explained the effects of parameter settings and individual differences in time perception.