自上而下的因素对掩蔽启动中自动加工过程的影响

本文综述并探讨了自上而下因素的调节对启动过程的影响作用。自上而下因素的调节作用是指根据外界不断更新的对行为的要求, 大脑皮层的活动被设定于某种特殊的工作模式中。启动过程是指先前出现的启动刺激对随后目标刺激加工的易化和抑制, 是自动加工过程的体现。近年来, 部分研究认为启动范式引发的自动加工过程(包括知觉加工、语义加工和反应过程)可受到与注意、任务相关的自上而下因素的调节, 例如, 任务指导语的作用、对注意范围的设定等等。本文对此领域的研究及年龄因素进行了总结、分析和展望。启动效应可受到自上而下的注意、目的、任务要求等因素的调节, 且存在年龄因素的影响。

Influence of Top-down Modulation on Automatic Process in Masked Priming

The article mainly discussed the top-down modulation on automatic process. Top-down modulation is setting the requirements of behaviors into a specific working pattern according to brain cortices. Priming is the facilitation or inhibition effect of primes on targets, which indicates automatic process. Nowadays, studies showed that automatic perception process, automatic semantic activation and automatic response induced by masked priming paradigm can be affected by top-down modulation factors, just as attention, task instructions, other task-related information and so on. So, the review focused on this field of researches and perspectives. Based on certain researches, automatic process elicited by masked priming can be modulated by attention, intention, task factors and so on. Thus, it is not totally automatic. And aging effect does exist in automatic process paradigms.