时间认知神经科学研究进展

当前对时间认知的脑机制探讨有三个模型：特异化计时模型、分布网络模型和定域计时模型。在这些模型的框架下，时间认知的神经心理学研究集中探讨了小脑、基底神经节、前额叶在时间信息加工中的作用和大脑两半球在时间认知中的不对称性。小脑作为内部计时系统对时间控制具有重要作用，在周期性动作任务中，小脑对不连续动作计时具有特异性。基底神经节在时间加工任务中与小脑存在明显的作用分离，其具体机制还有待深入研究。前额叶的计时功能可能与注意和工作记忆对时间信息的获得、维持和组织有关。此外，还发现大脑右半球与时问信息的加工关系密切。

Advances of Temporal Cognition in Neuroscience

At present,there are three models of the neural mechanisms for temporal cognition: the specialized timing model,the distributed network timing model and the local timing model.Under these general frameworks,the neuropsychological research of temporal cognition focused on the different contributions of the cerebellum,basal ganglia,and frontal lobe to the representation of temporal information and on the differential roles of the cerebral hemispheres in temporal processing.As part of the internal timing system,the cerebellum played a central role in timing control on a range of timing tasks and recently was found specific to the timing of discontinuous but not continuous movements on periodic motor tasks.Some functional dissociations existed between the cerebellum and basal ganglia,however,the specialized basal ganglia contributions to time were still unknown.The timing function of the frontal lobe region might be related to attention and working memory.In addition,the right hemisphere superiority for temporal processing was found.