Problems with popper: The initial goal is to develop viable theories, not disconfirm them

This paper examines the relation between errors and awareness in two recent theories of error detection in speech: Perceptual Loop theory and Node Structure theory. New data and predictions are discussed, together with some nonobvious limitations of these theories. New paradigms for studying speech error detection are also discussed, together with implications for current theories of the large body of work on error detection in related skills such as reading, typing, and handwriting.