图形推理任务中儿童策略获得的发展机制

运用微观发生学设计对30名6岁儿童在矩阵填充任务中策略获得的发展机制进行了研究。结果发现：(1)从策略获得点前的错误类型分析，这个阶段主要是元认知机制起决定作用，图形推理的策略获得是一个渐进过程；(2)从反应时的变化趋势分析，元认知机制仍起决定作用，而在策略获得后期，联结机制代替元认知机制起决定性作用；(3)从自我解释中提到的维度分析，也表明元认知机制起着决定性作用，但联结机制在某些题目维度上已经逐渐“竞争”超过了元认知机制。

A Microgenetic Study: The Mechanism Behind Children's Strategy Discovery in Figure Reasoning Problems

We used the microgenetic design to examine t he mechanisms behind thirty 6-year-old children's acquisition of matrix completion proficien cy. The results indi cate: (1) According to the error analysis before the point of strategy discovery , in the early period of strategy discovery in figure reasoning, the metacogniti ve mechanism plays the main role. And the strategy discovery of figure reasoning is a gradual progress. (2) From the analysis of the RT change, in the middle pe riod of strategy discovery in figure reasoning, the metacognitive mechanism play s the crucial role; but in the later period, the associative mechanism plays the main role instead of the metacognitive mechanism. (3) According to the cited di mensions analysis based on the children's self-explanation in the experiment, t he me tacognitive mechanism plays its crucial roles in the middle period; but in some d imensions, the associative mechanism competitivehy exceeds metacognitive me chanism.