小学低年级儿童对友谊关系的认知发展

本研究用日常生活承诺问题的两难故事对小学低年级儿童作个别随访,探查了儿童对友谊关系的认知发展。结果表明,儿童有关社会-道德思维的发展遵循着一定的模式,各发展水平既是连续的,也各有质的特点,从而形成层次等级结构系统。与国外同类研究的发现不同,我国儿童在较低发展水平上已显示出对他人利益的关心和责任感。本研究还对发展中的个别差异作了探讨。

SOCIAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF FRIENDSHIP IN PRIMARY SCHOOL JUNIOR CLASS CHILDREN

The purpose of the study was to investigate the social cognitive development on understanding friendship by interviewing primary school junior classchildren (7 and 9-yr-olds) with a dilemma story of promise keeping. Theresults showed: The development of social-moral thinking of children followeda regular pattern: The levels increased continually with age and characterizedwith qualitative hierarchical structures. The findings differred from R. L.Selman's and L. Kohlberg's conclusion that the dominant motivations ofchildren's behaviors in the lower levels of social moral reasonihg were not sel-fish individualism but developed more and more responsibilities and concern forothers. Those divergence may be rooted in the properties of Chinese educa-tion and the effects of traditional culture on the development of children.