汉字整体和笔画频率对笔画认知的影响

为考察笔画在汉字认知中的作用，探讨了汉字整体和笔画频率对笔画认知的影响。结果表明：（1）和部件识别类似，笔画认知存在着显著的字劣效应：识别汉字中的笔画比识别单独呈现的笔画反应时明显地长，错误率也大幅度增加，显示了汉字整体对笔画认知的抑制性影响。（2）识别汉字中的笔画的反应时也受背景汉字笔画多少的影响。识别少笔画汉字中的笔画比识别多笔画汉字中的笔画容易。（3）笔画频率对笔画认知也有重要影响，频率高的笔画比频率低的笔画容易识别

EFFECTS OF THE WHOLE CHINESE CHARACTER AND THE FREQUENCIES OF THE STROKES ON THE COGNITION OF THE STROKES

The experiment was conducted to inspect the effects of the whole Chinese character and the frequencies of the strokes on the cognition of the strokes. The results indicated that there was character-inferior effect in the cognition of the strokes, the time of spotting isolated strokes was shorter than that of spotting the strokes which existed in Chinese characters, and the rate of errors of spotting isolated strokes was longer than that of spotting the strokes which existed in Chinese characters. The cognition of the strokes also was affected by the number of the strokes of contextual Chinese characters. The subjects recognized the strokes of Chinese characters which had small number of strokes faster than the strokes of Chinese characters which had large number of strokes. The frequencies of the strokes played an important role in the cognition of strokes, high- frequency strokes were recognized faster than low-frequency strokes. The whole results supported the hypothesis that the strokes of Chinese characters are basic units in the processing of Chinese characters and showed that the strokes are processed automatically in the processing of Chinese characters in general.