Reactions to refusals of sexual advances among U.S. and Brazilian men and women

This study examined cultural variation and gender differences in the perception of female sexual intent when women said no to sexual advances. American (n = 205) and Brazilian (n = 200) undergraduates responded to one of two scenarios describing a female s consistent or inconsistent resistance. Most students were white (88% and 95% of Americans and Brazilians, respectively), single (96% of Americans and 100% of Brazilians), in their early twenties, and 50% were men and 50% women. The data showed that Americans and Brazilians have different conceptualizations of how a heterosexual encounter may develop, given the preliminary pattern of consistent or inconsistent resistance. Brazilians have a strong consensual-sexual-intercourse schema, while Americans (especially in the context of consistent resistance) have a strong date-rape schema. The relevance of these findings for (mis)communication between men and women is discussed.