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Cognitive development in children of adolescent mothers: The impact of socioeconomic risk and maternal sensitivity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany;2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany;3. JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Germany;1. Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Tenente Catão Roxo, 2260, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14051-140, Brazil;2. 0-3 Center For The At-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy;1. Eastern Michigan University, Department of Psychology, Ypsilanti, MI, USA;2. Eastern Michigan University, School of Health Sciences, Dietetics and Human Nutrition Programs, Ypsilanti, MI, USA;3. Eastern Michigan University, School of Nursing, Ypsilanti, MI, USA;4. University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;5. University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;6. University of Michigan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;7. Univesity of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;8. University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA;9. Building Bridges Therapy Center, Plymouth, MI, USA;10. Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA;1. Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;3. Rehabilitation Center Sint Maartenskliniek, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;4. Radboud University, School of Pedagogical and Educational Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;5. Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;6. Radboud University Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. University of Cologne, Germany;2. Ghent University, Belgium;3. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium |
| Abstract: | BackgroundAdolescent motherhood is accompanied by a constellation of risk factors that translate into developmental risk for the off-spring. Socioeconomic risk that is associated with adolescent motherhood as well as maternal interactive behaviors may contribute to the impact of adolescent motherhood on children’s developmental outcome.ObjectiveTherefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate differences in children’s cognitive development between children of adolescent and adult mothers in their first two years of life and to examine whether socioeconomic risk (e.g. such as educational and financial problems) and/or maternal sensitivity mediate developmental differences between children of adolescent and adult mothers.MethodsAdolescent mothers (<21 years; N = 64) and adult mothers (>25 years; N = 34) and their infants were included in the current study. Child cognitive development and maternal sensitivity were assessed at three different time points (T1: mean child age 5.26 months; T2: mean child age 14.69 months; T3: mean child age 21.16 months).ResultsChildren of adult mothers showed better cognitive performance at T3 compared to children of adolescent mothers but not at T1 and T2. A multiple mediation model including socioeconomic risk and maternal sensitivity as serial mediators demonstrated that the effect of adolescent motherhood on cognitive development was mediated in a causal effect chain with socioeconomic risk negatively affecting maternal sensitivity and maternal sensitivity affecting children’s cognitive development.DiscussionThe present findings demonstrate that maternal interactive behaviors are not only a simple predictor of cognitive development but may also act as a mediator of the association between more distal variables such as socioeconomic risk and cognitive development in adolescent mothers. This supports the need to promote prevention and intervention programs for adolescent mothers during the early postpartum period to reduce socioeconomic problems and enhance maternal interactive behaviors. |
| Keywords: | Adolescent parenthood Maternal sensitivity Socioeconomic risk Child cognitive development |
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