Perception of ensemble statistics requires attention |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Reed College, United States;2. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States;1. Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom;1. Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia;2. Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia;3. Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland;2. Cognitive Research Lab, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia;3. Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;4. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;5. Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Italy;1. Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland;2. Cognitive Research Lab, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia;3. Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;4. Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy;5. Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy |
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| Abstract: | To overcome inherent limitations in perceptual bandwidth, many aspects of the visual world are represented as summary statistics (e.g., average size, orientation, or density of objects). Here, we investigated the relationship between summary (ensemble) statistics and visual attention. Recently, it was claimed that one ensemble statistic in particular, color diversity, can be perceived without focal attention. However, a broader debate exists over the attentional requirements of conscious perception, and it is possible that some form of attention is necessary for ensemble perception. To test this idea, we employed a modified inattentional blindness paradigm and found that multiple types of summary statistics (color and size) often go unnoticed without attention. In addition, we found attentional costs in dual-task situations, further implicating a role for attention in statistical perception. Overall, we conclude that while visual ensembles may be processed efficiently, some amount of attention is necessary for conscious perception of ensemble statistics. |
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| Keywords: | Inattentional blindness Visual ensembles Summary statistics Color diversity Conscious perception Dual-task |
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