The hubris hypothesis: The downside of comparative optimism displays |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven – Leuven University, Tiensestraat 102, Mailbox 3727, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;2. Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, P.O. Box 1773, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA;3. Centre for Research on Self and Identity, Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton S017 1BJ, UK;1. University Lille1 - Sciences and Technology, France;2. Institut Mines-Télécom/Télécom Lille, France;3. LIFL (UMR CNRS 8022), France;1. University of Cologne, Germany;2. William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal;3. University of Oslo, Norway;1. Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel;2. School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;3. Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;4. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel |
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| Abstract: | According to the hubris hypothesis, observers respond more unfavorably to individuals who express their positive self-views comparatively than to those who express their positive self-views non-comparatively, because observers infer that the former hold a more disparaging view of others and particularly of observers. Two experiments extended the hubris hypothesis in the domain of optimism. Observers attributed less warmth (but not less competence) to, and showed less interest in affiliating with, an individual displaying comparative optimism (the belief that one’s future will be better than others’ future) than with an individual displaying absolute optimism (the belief that one’s future will be good). Observers responded differently to individuals displaying comparative versus absolute optimism, because they inferred that the former held a gloomier view of the observers’ future. Consistent with previous research, observers still attributed more positive traits to a comparative or absolute optimist than to a comparative or absolute pessimist. |
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| Keywords: | Optimism Comparative optimism Absolute optimism Self-superiority beliefs Hubris hypothesis Affiliation Warmth Competence |
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