Predictions penetrate perception: Converging insights from brain,behaviour and disorder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;3. Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;4. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. School of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;6. Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia;7. Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;8. Gonda Center for Brain Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel;1. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;2. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;2. Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;3. Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;4. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;5. MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;6. Department of Experimental Psychology and Methods, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany;7. Liaison Psychiatry Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK |
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| Abstract: | It is argued that during ongoing visual perception, the brain is generating top-down predictions to facilitate, guide and constrain the processing of incoming sensory input. Here we demonstrate that these predictions are drawn from a diverse range of cognitive processes, in order to generate the richest and most informative prediction signals. This is consistent with a central role for cognitive penetrability in visual perception. We review behavioural and mechanistic evidence that indicate a wide spectrum of domains—including object recognition, contextual associations, cognitive biases and affective state—that can directly influence visual perception. We combine these insights from the healthy brain with novel observations from neuropsychiatric disorders involving visual hallucinations, which highlight the consequences of imbalance between top-down signals and incoming sensory information. Together, these lines of evidence converge to indicate that predictive penetration, be it cognitive, social or emotional, should be considered a fundamental framework that supports visual perception. |
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| Keywords: | Cognitive penetration Prediction Visual perception Object recognition Context Top-down Orbitofrontal cortex Parahippocampal cortex Visual hallucinations |
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