Factors influencing the decision to engage in alcohol-impaired driving among Arab-Israeli youths |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States;2. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, United States;3. New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States;4. Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;5. Penn Nursing Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;6. Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;7. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;8. The Penn Injury Science Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;9. Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States;10. Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;1. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;2. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;3. Sammy Ofer School of Communication, Herzliya, Israel;4. The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel;5. Women''s Health Unit, Department of Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Alcohol-Impaired Driving (AID) is rarely studied among Arab communities. As contacts between Arab and Western cultures grow, alcohol consumption and safety-related issues are emerging as a major public health concern. This paper examines factors influencing the decision to engage in AID in a sample of young Arab-Israeli bar patrons (n = 300, age 17–34), including both Muslims (n = 77) and Christians (n = 176); alcohol is prohibited for the former, but is normative for the latter. Studies of AID often use agent-oriented models, most notably the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The current study complements this tradition using the structure-oriented Social-Cultural (SC) model. Over 70% of participants reported engaging in AID after consuming 3–4 portions of alcohol. The TPB model proved to have significant explanatory power while most cultural factors, including religion, failed to gain statistical significance. The latter finding is counter-intuitive given the different status of alcohol in the cultures investigated. The TPB variable Personal Behavioral Control (PBC) and a specific sub-component of the subjective norms variable emerged as providing the greatest contribution to the model. The results support the robustness of TPB and demonstrate that beyond identifying idiosyncratic patterns structure-based models can be useful in refuting pre-conceived conceptions. Thus, both approaches should be utilized to inform policymaking. Governmental authorities, particularly in Israel, must consider the neglected issue of AID among Arab communities, including both Christians and Muslims. |
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| Keywords: | Alcohol impaired driving Youths Personal behavioral control Religion Gender |
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